Podushkin | altaijournal

Tamgo-shaped signs from catacombs of Aryss culture of the South Kazakhstan of 3rd century to – 4th century AD

Podushkin Alexandr Nikolayevich

Doctor of History, Professor of South Kazakhstan state pedagogical institute. Republic of Kazakhstan, 160017, Shymkent, 13 Baitursynov str. E-mail: p_a_n_alex@mail.ru

Abstract. The publication is devoted to the complex of graphological, semantic, trace evidence studying of tamgo-shaped signs on the ceramics and other artifacts from catacomb burials of Aryss culture of South Kazkhstan for the purpose of clarification of their semantic loading and use. At the same time the group of signs which are graphically and functionally treated as the Kangyuy-Sarmatian and syun signs-tamga received from archaeological full-fledged, informatively saturated funeral complexes underwent the multifold analysis.

Feature of tamga-signs from catacombs of Aryss culture is the fact that the ceramics with signs had deeply ritual mission in funeral ceremonialism connected by means of drawing tamga with ethnic, social and property components. Signs tamga in this case showed the corresponding accessory of the dead (breeding, patrimonial, clan), the relation of the last to property (personal, tribal, it is possible - state) and to a social rank in hierarchy of nomad as a part of the state Kangyuy.

Keywords: Aryss culture; tamgo-shaped signs; South Kazakhstan.

DOI:10.31551/2410-2725-2018-4-1-60-101

III ғ. – б.з.д. IV ғ. Оңтүстік Қазақстандағы Арыс мәдениетінің катакомбаларынан табылған тамға тәрізді белгілер

Подушкин Александр Николаевич

тарих ғылымдарының докторы,Оңтүстік Қазақстан мемлекеттік педагогикалық институтының профессоры.Қазақстан Республикасы, 160017, Шымкент қ, Байтұрсынов көшесі, 13, E-mail: p_a_n_alex@mail.ru

Аңдатпа. Жарияланым Оңтүстік Қазақстандағы арыс мәдениетінің катакомб қабаттарындағы керамика және басқа артефакттардағы таңбалық пішінді белгілерді кешенді графикалық, семан-тикалық және трасологиялық мәндік жүктемесін және пайдаланылуын түсіндіру мақсатында зерттеуге арналған. Сонымен қатар, графикалық және функционалдық түрде қаңлы-сармат және сүнну таңбаларының белгілері деп танылған кешенді белгілер тобы археологиялық құнды, ақпа-раттылықпен қаныққан жерлеу кешендерінен алынып, талданды. Арыс мәдениетінің катаком-баларынан табылған таңбалардың ерекшелігі – салынған белгілері бар керамика этникалық, әлеуметтік және мүліктік компоненттердің ғұрыптық белгісі ретінде терең рәсімдік мақсатқа ие. Бұл жағдайда тамға-белгілер қаза тапқандардың (тайпаға, руға, әулетке) тиесілігі, әлеуметтік дәрежеге деген қатынасы (жеке, рулық-тайпалық және ықтимал мемлекеттік) және Қаңлы көш-пелі иерархиясында әлеуметтік меншікке қатынасын көрсетеді.

Кілт сөздер: арыс мәдениеті; Оңтүстік қазақстан; тамға; мәндік жүктеме.

Тамго-образные знаки из катакомб арысской культуры Южного Казахстана III в. до – IV в. н. э.

Подушкин Александр Николаевич

доктор исторических наук, профессор Южно-Казахстанского государственного педагогического института.Республика Казахстан, 160017, г. Шымкент, ул. Байтурсынова, 13, E-mail: p_a_n_alex@mail.ru

Аннотация. Публикация посвящена комплексному графологическому, семантическому, трасологическому изучению тамго-образных знаков на керамике и иных артефактах из катакомбных погребений арысской культуры Южного Казхстана с целью выяснения их смысловой нагрузки и использования. При этом всестороннему анализу подверглась группа знаков, которые графически и функционально трактуются как кангюйско-сарматские и сюннуские знаки-тамги, полученные из археологически полноценных, информативно насыщенных погребальных комплексов.

Особенностью знаков-тамг из катакомб арысской культуры является тот факт, что керамика со знаками имела глубоко ритуальное предназначение в погребальной обрядности, связанное посредством нанесения тамг с этнической, социальной и имущественной составляющими. Знаки-тамги в этом случае демонстрировали соответствующую принадлежность умерших (племенную, родовую, клановую), отношение последних к имуществу (личному, родоплеменному, возможно - государственному) и социальному рангу в иерархии номадов в составе государства Кангюй.

Ключевые слова: арысская культура; тамгообразные знаки; Южный Казахстан; погребальная обрядность.

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